{"id":1194,"date":"2013-02-28T15:51:26","date_gmt":"2013-02-28T20:51:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/business-arabic.nes.lsa.umich.edu\/?p=1194"},"modified":"2020-05-26T09:06:57","modified_gmt":"2020-05-26T13:06:57","slug":"is-america-dispensing-with-gulf-oil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/business-arabic.nes.lsa.umich.edu\/advanced\/is-america-dispensing-with-gulf-oil\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0647\u0644 <strong title=\"to dispense with\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0627 \u0639\u0646<\/strong> \u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u061f<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1195\" style=\"width: 422px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1195\" class=\" wp-image-1195\" alt=\"Is America Dispensing with Gulf Oil\" src=\"https:\/\/business-arabic.nes.lsa.umich.edu\/advanced\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Is-America-Dispensing-with-Gulf-Oil.jpg\" width=\"412\" height=\"309\" srcset=\"https:\/\/business-arabic.nes.lsa.umich.edu\/advanced\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Is-America-Dispensing-with-Gulf-Oil.jpg 686w, https:\/\/business-arabic.nes.lsa.umich.edu\/advanced\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Is-America-Dispensing-with-Gulf-Oil-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 412px) 100vw, 412px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-1195\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627<\/p><\/div>\n<div align=\"center\">\n<object id=\"kaltura_player_1_m0y5yxx5\" name=\"kaltura_player_1_m0y5yxx5\" type=\"application\/x-shockwave-flash\" allowFullScreen=\"true\" allowNetworking=\"all\" allowScriptAccess=\"always\" height=\"30\" width=\"480\" bgcolor=\"#000000\" xmlns:dc=\"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/\" xmlns:media=\"http:\/\/search.yahoo.com\/searchmonkey\/media\/\" rel=\"media:video\" resource=\"https:\/\/www.kaltura.com\/kwidget\/wid\/_1038472\/ui_conf_id\/9451962\/entryId\/1_m0y5yxx5\" data=\"https:\/\/www.kaltura.com\/kwidget\/wid\/_1038472\/ui_conf_id\/9451962\/entryId\/1_m0y5yxx5\"><param name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\" \/><param name=\"allowNetworking\" value=\"all\" \/><param name=\"allowScriptAccess\" value=\"always\" \/><param name=\"bgcolor\" value=\"#000000\" \/><param name=\"flashVars\" value=\"&#038;entryId=1_m0y5yxx5\" \/><param name=\"movie\" value=\"https:\/\/www.kaltura.com\/kwidget\/wid\/_1038472\/ui_conf_id\/9451962\/entryId\/1_m0y5yxx5\" \/><\/object>\n<\/div>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u064a <strong title=\"the latest statistics\">\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649<strong title=\"lowest level\"> \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649<\/strong> \u0645\u0646\u0630 1997\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a <strong title=\"sharp rise\">\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 <strong title=\"Department of Energy\">\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 <strong title=\"oil refineries\">\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 8.5 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012\u060c \u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 440 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 2011 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 <strong title=\"annual decrease\">\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c <strong title=\"crude oil\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 6.5 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0630 1995.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/ \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a<strong title=\"the average of oil production surpassed the barrier of seven million barrels\"> \u062a\u062e\u0637\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/strong> \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 1992.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 812 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 <strong title=\"the fastest rate on record\">\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/strong>. \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0641\u0627\u062c\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0639\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong title=\"turning the energy balance upside down\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a <strong title=\"City Group\">\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0648\u0628<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a <strong title=\"eventually\">\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641<\/strong> \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 <strong title=\"upside down\">\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0628<\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0625\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a <strong title=\"playing a security role\">\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a<\/strong> \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2030\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0648<strong title=\"give a citation\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647<\/strong> \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 450 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 2003 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a 15% \u0645\u0646 <strong title=\"total imports\">\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong>&#8220;. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 25%\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 <strong title=\"by the end of November\">\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631<\/strong>\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0630 1998.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 <strong title=\"its refineries' dependence on heavy oil\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0647\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a 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dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c <strong title=\"shipping corridor fairway\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a<\/strong> \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u0646 <strong title=\"giants\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u062a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 &#8220;\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 <strong title=\"developing a more transparent understanding\">\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Original Publication Date: February 28, 2013<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Original Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/ebusiness\/pages\/2d069549-a3c8-45af-9f45-cff80bc8bfbb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Al-Jazeera<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/business-arabic.nes.lsa.umich.edu\/advanced\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Is-America-Dispensing-with-Gulf-Oil.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-186 alignright\" alt=\"homework-button-green\" src=\"https:\/\/business-arabic.nes.lsa.umich.edu\/advanced\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/homework-button-green.gif\" width=\"150\" height=\"51\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u061f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0630 1997\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0627 &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1195,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,14,16,5,24,10,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1194","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uae","category-trade","category-all-lessons","category-international","category-politics","category-qatar","category-text-lessons","column","fourcol","has-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/business-arabic.nes.lsa.umich.edu\/advanced\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1194","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/business-arabic.nes.lsa.umich.edu\/advanced\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/business-arabic.nes.lsa.umich.edu\/advanced\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/business-arabic.nes.lsa.umich.edu\/advanced\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/business-arabic.nes.lsa.umich.edu\/advanced\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1194"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/business-arabic.nes.lsa.umich.edu\/advanced\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1194\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1632,"href":"https:\/\/business-arabic.nes.lsa.umich.edu\/advanced\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1194\/revisions\/1632"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/business-arabic.nes.lsa.umich.edu\/advanced\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1195"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/business-arabic.nes.lsa.umich.edu\/advanced\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1194"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/business-arabic.nes.lsa.umich.edu\/advanced\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1194"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/business-arabic.nes.lsa.umich.edu\/advanced\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1194"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}